Computation Strategies, stuff to know:

• what is a “basic fact”
• what is a “fact family”
• vocabulary words for addition and subtraction:
• addend, summand
• sum
• minuend
• subtrahend
• difference
• strategies children use for figuring out addition facts:
• counting all (direct modeling)
• counting on* (from first and from higher)
• make 10/use 10*
• two-fives
• use doubles/near doubles*
• strategies children use for figuring out subtraction facts:
• counting all (direct modeling)
• counting back*
• counting up to*
• taking away in chunks, using 10 as a bridge number
• adding up in chunks, using 10 as a bridge number*
• recognizing near doubles
• related strategies children use for figuring out 2-digit addition problems:
• counting on
• adding on in chunks (using multiples of 10 as bridge numbers) **
• adding on in chunks by breaking one addend into tens and ones.**
• breaking both numbers into place values and combining
• looking for friendly numbers and compensating (to get back to the right answer) **
• related strategies children use for figuring out 2-digit subtraction problems:
• taking away in chunks (using multiples of 10 as bridge numbers)**
• adding up to in chunks (using multiples of 10 as bridge numbers)**
• breaking the subtrahend into place values and taking away in chunks**
• shifting the number line (adding the same amount to the minuend and subtrahend)**
• looking for friendly numbers and compensating (to get back to the right answer)**
• subtract the tens and then compensate for the ones.**
• negative number subtraction
• different strategies are efficient choices for different problems.  You should know specifics for those marked with *
• strategies can be represented using equations and open number lines.  You should know how to use an open number line for the problems marked with **.